![]() ![]() Weathering acts upon the earth’s crust constantly. We have seen the effects of weathering (as part of exogenic processes).Examples: Mount Mauna Loa in Hawaii Island, Mount Popa in Myanmar, Fuji Yama in Japan etc are some examples.The mountains formed by the accumulation of volcanic materials are called as Volcanic Mountains or Mountains of accumulation.Volcanic Mountains or Accumulated Mountains Examples: The Sierra Nevada in North America, Black Forest Mountains in Germany etc are typical examples of Block Mountains.A block mountain is also called as Horst and the rift valley formed as a result of faulting is called Graben. ![]() The down-lifting or uplifting of land in between two parallel faults results in the formation of Block Mountains.Block Mountains are also formed by the internal or endogenic earth movements which cause the force of tension and faulting.Since these mountain ranges were formed during the most recent mountain building period, they are also known as Young Fold Mountains.The Himalayas in Asia, the Alps in Europe, the Rockies in North America, and the Andes in South America are the most prominent fold mountains of the world.Synclines (trough) and anticlines (crest) are part of Fold Mountains.They are formed due to the force of compression arising from the endogenic or internal forces.Mountain ranges mainly consisting of uplifted folded sedimentary rocks are called Fold Mountains.Volcanic Mountains/ Accumulated Mountains.The mountains, on the basis of their mode of formation, can be classified as: According to the UN’s Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), about 12% of the world’s population lives in the mountains, but over 50% are directly or indirectly dependent on mountain resources.It is from the mountains that up to 80% of the planet’s fresh surface water come from.Nearly 27% of the world’s land surface is covered by mountains.Volcanic Mountains or Accumulated Mountains. ![]()
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